Filtration is a system that ensures the purification of water and water sources, which are critical for humans, from all impurities and contaminants for drinking or general use. It involves altering the physical state of substances that are evenly distributed or suspended in water to facilitate sedimentation. The physical treatment systems for filtration vary depending on the content and pollution parameters of the wastewater.
Filtration Systems
Filtration systems have greatly simplified water purification. In water treatment applications, the first step is to remove physical impurities from the water. The goal of subjecting water to high pressure is to progressively clean it through various stages.
In bodies of water, such as lakes and rivers, it is essential to first remove primary physical impurities such as suspended solids, turbidity, sediment, and sand. Different filtration systems can be preferred for this purpose. When choosing these systems, it is crucial to filter the quantity of particles from coarse to fine particles.
Activated Carbon Filtration Systems
Activated carbon filtration systems are the most preferred systems in water purification, effectively removing odors and also providing chlorine removal.
In RO (Reverse Osmosis) units, it is necessary to use this system for the removal of chlorine, which is present in the water and can damage the RO membrane.
Chlorine Disinfection Systems
Chlorine disinfection systems primarily eliminate disease-causing bacteria and parasites from water. Additionally, they remove living organisms that could adversely affect water quality. Effective chlorine disinfection and oxidation treatment require careful consideration of factors such as contact time, chlorine dosing methods, and the determination of the dosed chlorine amount.
Water Softening Systems
Water softening systems are among the most preferred systems in water treatment. They involve the removal of minerals (calcium and magnesium) present in water that cause water hardness using cationic resin. Water softening systems exchange calcium and magnesium ions, responsible for high hardness, with sodium ions to soften the water. The water softening units’ regeneration (renewal) process is carried out using a salt solution. During passage through the water softening unit, the calcium and magnesium ions responsible for water hardness exchange places with sodium ions, thus softening the water.
Reverse Osmosis (RO) Systems
Reverse osmosis systems are preferred for the purification of all anionic and cationic ions present in water. Reverse osmosis is a filtration system that removes chemical, physical, and microbiological contaminants found in tap water.
Reverse osmosis is a water treatment technology capable of purifying water to obtain drinking water quality and removing heavy metals without the need for chemicals through a physical process. Reverse osmosis is widely used in industries such as pharmaceuticals and food production today.
Ultraviolet Disinfection Systems
Ultraviolet devices are used to sterilize water. They are effective in removing microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi from water. Ultraviolet lamps are protected within quartz glass and produce UV radiation using a special type of fluorescent lamp filled with mercury vapor. Ultraviolet sterilization systems utilize special light tubes that emit UV rays at 254 nm to remove bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms from the water.
